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Warranty Information For information on Sony warranties. Find information and receive instant notifications about your product. Uploaded from Adapters on Sony customers. Vaio vgn-fj57sp To get the full experience on Sony. Link Air. Graph cursor does not optimized for and passed Kaspersky virus scan! Applicable Products and Categories of This Article. The power adapter is an invaluable tool for a laptop to get power supply safely.

In order to facilitate the search for the necessary driver, choose one of the Search methods, either by Device Name by clicking on a particular item, i. Where to create a low-power state option. Where to buy Find your nearest Sony store to view our latest products. Genie Backup Manager Home comes closer than anything else I've found. Genie's Disaster Recovery option insists on backing up everything on the drive, but you can restore the system while keeping the data unchanged by deselecting your data folders when you restore a Disaster Recovery backup.

Every other reliable system-backup program I know of is image-based, meaning that it restores the entire drive--your data as well as the system. That's fine if you're recovering from a hard-drive crash, but if you want to restore last month's Windows installation while keeping today's documents, you'll need to fully restore one backup and then selectively restore another. WD passport essential GB blue. On the other hand, some image-backup programs are free.

If you have Vista Business or Ultimate, you already have one. Just remember to back up your data separately. Which brings us to the next topic… Data Backup Backing up your data is far more important than backing up your system, and you should do it every day.

The lack of a system backup could cost you a couple of hours reinstalling Windows and your applications. Having no up-to-date data backup could cost you your family photos, your bank account information, or even your job. WD passport essential GB silver. Windows Backup is only a slight improvement on its predecessors, and that's just not good enough for reliable backups.

Microsoft has a long tradition of bundling lousy backup programs with Windows. Vista's backup program improves on older versions, but not by much; for instance, you can back up files by type, but not by location. Here are some solutions. Use bundled software: Since an external hard drive is the best medium to back your files up to, and since most such drives come with backup software, use the backup program that came with your drive.

It's almost certainly better than Vista's. Do it online: Uploading your data over the Internet is slow, but it's easy and adds protection by putting hundreds of miles between your hard drive and your backup. I recommend Mozy Home. WD passport essential GB red. Use the best software: For my money, that's the same Genie Backup Manager I recommended in the last tip. Amazingly simple to use considering its versatility, it handles scheduled and manual backups with ease, and can even purge your backup media of old backups on a regular schedule.

Since it either simply copies your files or compresses them into. Programs and Features Uninstaller Installing a Windows program generally means letting its installation routine dig its claws deep into the operating system.

Removing the program usually involves running an uninstaller that eliminates the application's functionality but leaves the claws behind. When you remove a program through Windows' tool, you leave lots of useless odds and ends behind. Vista took the old Control Panel applet called 'Add and Remove Programs' and renamed it 'Programs and Features', but the developers didn't otherwise change it.

All this program does is launch the unwanted application's usually-inadequate uninstaller. WD passport for Mac GB. For a better option, download the free Revo Uninstaller. Better yet, download the portable version that doesn't need to be installed and thus uninstalled itself. Like Vista's Programs and Features, Revo offers a convenient interface for launching your installed programs' own uninstallers. But after Revo does that job, it cleans up the mess that the uninstaller left behind.

Windows Explorer's Address Bar Drop-Down Menu Microsoft did a lot of things right in Vista's version of Windows Explorer, but the address bar's drop-down menu of recently visited folders isn't one of them. Looking for a recently used file? Good luck finding it in that messy drop-down menu. First problem: It lists only folders you went to via the address bar.

Worst problem: It also lists Web pages. If you're like most users, it will list more Web sites than folders. Personally, if I want to revisit a Web page, I'll use my browser, not my file manager. WD elements desktop GB. Luckily, you have alternatives. For a more manageable list of recently accessed items, click the down arrow to the left of the address bar. Use the other recent folders list: Click the down arrow to left of the address bar for a list of recent folders--but only very recent folders.

Close and reopen Explorer, and the list will be a blank slate. Use favorite folders, instead: You can easily place a shortcut to any folder into Explorer's top-left pane something Vista does right. All you need do is drag and drop. Use this function wisely, and the lack of a convenient recent-folders option won't hurt so much. FileBox eXtender makes up for Windows Explorer's shortcomings by putting recent items and favorites into an orderly interface.

It adds drop-down Recent and Favorites menus to Windows Explorer. WD elements desktop 1TB. Recent Items List This clumsy execution of an otherwise good idea dates back to Windows and it still hasn't been fixed.

Sure, it's great to have an automatically updated, conveniently located list of files you've recently used. ActualDoc separates your recently used items into easy-to-browse categories, saving you time and frustration.

But Windows' designers failed to realize that there are some file types you go back to, and others you don't. Personally, I'm very likely to return to a recently opened.

Yet if I've just been editing some photos, they'll croWD my. A professional photographer would likely have that situation reversed. But a few simple user-defined parameters could solve both of our problems. WD elements desktop 2TB. Since Microsoft hasn't provided those parameters, use Flexigensoft's free ActualDoc.

This powerful tool gives you separate recent lists for documents, pictures, and other file types in either its full window or its system tray pop-up menu. It can also password-protect the lists to preserve your privacy. WD book essential 1TB. Sloppy Screen Shots Vista made a significant improvement over XP in taking screen shots by adding a Snipping Tool that can capture a single window, a rectangle, or a free-form shape.

But it still can't show what the mouse pointer is doing, and it lacks a timer. Without a timer, it's pretty hard to capture a drop-down menu. WD book essential 1. Yes, it can capture the mouse pointer, and you can set a delay in milliseconds, if you want to be precise. One particularly cool feature: It can capture the multiple windows in an application while ignoring everything else on the screen although this doesn't always work.

It even has tools for handling the color and look of the shot. And it's portable, so you don't have to install it. WD book elite 1TB. In XP, if you wanted Start-menu access to a program, file, or folder, all you needed to do was drag the item to the Start button and then to your desired location in the Start menu; Windows would then create a shortcut.

WD book studio for Mac 1TB. Try that in Vista, and it actually moves the file, program, or folder to the Start-menu folder. I'd be hard-pressed to imagine a situation where that's desirable.

No real solutions are available, but here are a couple of kludgy workarounds. Drop it on the Start button rather than in the menu: This action creates a shortcut, but it appears on the left pane, rather than in the All Programs section.

And if the item is a folder, the shortcut doesn't act as a cascading submenu. Buffalo juststore pv GB. Use the context menu: Right-drag rather than left-drag the object to the desired location in the Start menu. When you release the button, select Create Shortcuts Here from the resulting menu. Folders in the Start Menu's Right Pane Vista's redesigned Start menu added another great place for easily accessing a few important folders: the Start menu's right pane.

The icons are big and convenient, and you can set each icon to act as a link or a menu. Buffalo juststore PV GB. But the only folders you can put there are the few that Microsoft permits you to put there Documents, Music, and so on. Here are two fixes. Make your special folder an official special folder: You can tell Windows that the folder you really want access to is your photo or music folder, and get it on the pane that way. Vista Start Menu isn't as visually appealing as Vista's default Start menu, but it sure does work better.

You can control what folders and other items appear on the main menu. Other cool features include keyboard shortcut labels that, by default, are visible only when you bring up the menu with the keyboard.

You can download Vista Start Menu. Jackson latest Windows packs a lot of code--more than any version of Windows ever--and some of it is just plain unnecessary. All of that excess code has a way of slowing down an operating system. You can regain some PC performance by removing unneeded features. Some are shiny baubles that slow down graphics performance, while others are optional utilities that hog memory when they shouldn't.

A few can actually be quite useful, though they play a major role in bogging down your PC. Seagate freeagent Go GB Should you really turn off all of the following features right this minute? That depends on your computer, your work habits, and your tastes. I've turned off only seven and a half on my PC, because while none of these features are required for Vista to function, some are still kind of nice and my computer is fast enough to handle them.

Seagate freeagent Go GB Just to be on the safe side, make sure to create a restore point before you turn any of the items off. That way you can quickly return your machine to its present state should you decide that you don't like the change. To make a restore point, click Start, type sysdm. Choose System Protection, Create, and then follow the prompts. Seagate freeagent Go GB I list the features in the order that would make them easiest to turn off.

For instance, I've put features that you can remove in the same dialog box next to each other. You pay a heavy performance price for the analog clock, thumbnail slide-show viewer, and Microsoft-centric RSS news feed that dock in the Windows Sidebar. Turning the whole thing off gives you a big speed boost, especially at boot time. Aero Aero graphics are neat, but unnecessary.

Turn them off to speed up a slow PC. Microsoft put a lot of Vista's visual enhancements underone technological and marketing umbrella: Aero. Among those features are the thumbnails of your windows that appear when you hover the mouse pointer over the taskbar, as well as the Flip 3D view you get by pressing Windows-Tab.

Aero adds a little practicality and a lot of panache to the Vista user interface, and personally, I like it. In the resulting 'Window Color and Appearance' dialog box, click Open classic appearance properties for more color options if you don't see the option, that means Aero is already turned off. Seagate freeagent Go GB black Assorted Interface Beautification Options You can turn off many of Vista's wasteful interface enhancements by deselecting them individually. You can save some additional clock cycles by turning off all or some of Vista's pretty interface options, not all of which are directly connected to Aero.

To see the options, click Start , right-click Computer , and select Properties. Seagate freeagent Go gb black You can uncheck all of the listed options by selecting Adjust for best performance, or you can simply uncheck the ones you don't care for. I unchecked Fade or slide menus into view , Fade or slide ToolTips into view , Show shadows under menus , and Slide open combo boxes. The rest I left on. You don't have it. If you run Vista Business or Ultimate, though, you can use Remote Assistance to control one PC from another--a useful tool if you regularly provide tech support for a relative living far away.

Seagate freeagent Go GB black On the other hand, if you're not providing long-distance support, or if you prefer a third-party remote-control program, Remote Assistance is just a waste of resources. To get rid of it, click Start, right-click Computer, and select Properties. Click Remote Settings. Uncheck Allow Remote Assistance connections to this computer. Seagate freeagent Go GB Blue. Do you ever print documents over the Internet?

Neither do I. Chances are, you won't miss out on anything by disabling Vista's Internet Printing Client. Seagate freeagent Go GB red Open the 'Programs and Features' control panel and click the Turn Windows features on or off link on the left; you'll get the Windows Features dialog box. Seagate freeagent Go GB red Click OK at this point, and then wait several more minutes for the system to ask to reboot.

Or you can move to the next page and read the next three items in this article, which also use this dialog box.

It's neat, but hardly anyone uses it. I like Windows' built-in peer-to-peer collaboration program, Meeting Space, which lets you share files across a network while editing them with a remote colleague.

But I don't have any use for it in my daily life, and neither do most of the people I know. You can, too. If you're not in the Windows Features dialog box, see the tip on the previous page for instructions on getting to it. Seagate freeagent Goflex GB. One of the best things you can do exclusively in Vista Ultimate Edition is turn off the really pointless features that are found exclusively in Vista Ultimate Edition. I refer, of course, to Ultimate Extras, a set of downloadable add-ons available only to Ultimate users.

If you didn't pay for the most expensive version of Vista, these useless add-ons aren't a concern. Seagate freeagent Goflex GB If you do own Ultimate, go to Windows Update Start, All Programs, Windows Update , click View available updates, and check out all the worthless stuff Microsoft has made available exclusively to people who paid through the nose for the most bloated version of Vista.

Seagate freeagent Goflex 1TB As of this writing, the extras include a poker game, some BitLocker and EFS enhancements that hardly anyone uses, several sound schemes, and an odd tool called Windows DreamScene that lets you waste your precious system resources by using video as your wallpaper.

Seagate freeagent Goflex GB red. Disable them. I own a tablet PC, and I love Vista's tablet-oriented features--especially the Input Panel for writing with the stylus. But if you don't have a tablet, these features are useless to you. Turning off Vista's tablet features is a two-step process: Start in the Windows Features dialog box. If you're not already there, see the tip on the previous page for instructions on getting to it.

Seagate freeagent Goflex GB blue You complete the job in the Services window, which you open by clicking Start, typing services , and pressing Enter. In the 'Startup type' drop-down menu, select Disabled, and then click OK. Seagate freeagent Goflex GB silver ReadyBoost If you're not using this much-hyped Vista feature--which supposedly speeds up Vista by caching memory to a flash drive--it's actually slowing your system down a tiny bit. And if you are using ReadyBoost, it's probably still a drag on your PC.

If you aren't already there, click Start, type services , and press Enter. Find and double-click ReadyBoost. Seagate freeagent goflex desktop 1TB Search Indexing If you don't use the Search field often, turning off indexing can give your PC a small performance boost.

This one is a real trade-off. Turning off Vista's indexing will slow searches to a crawl--I'm talking minutes, not seconds. But ditching this convenient feature could very likely speed up your general PC use significantly. Seagate freeagent goflex desktop 2TB. In other words, turning off indexing will help your PC's performance only if you seldom search by file content, or if you use a third-party search tool such as Copernic Desktop or Google Desktop in which case you probably have two indexing routines running at the same time, which is an even bigger waste.

Seagate freeagent Go for Mac GB. If you match either of those descriptions, turn off indexing by clicking Start, typing services , and pressing Enter. Find and double-click Windows Search. Offline Files If you work on files stored on a server somewhere, and you can't depend on that server always being available, Vista Business and Ultimate's Offline Files feature makes your life easier by copying the files to your hard drive and keeping them synced.

Seagate freeagent pro GB. Of course, that sort of thing isn't for everybody, which is probably why Microsoft didn't include Offline Files in the Home editions of Vista. But if you have Business or Ultimate and still don't need Offline Files, turn it off by clicking Start, typing services , and pressing Enter. Find and double-click Offline Files. In the 'Startup type' drop-down menu, select Disabled , and then click OK. Seagate freeagent Go special GB.

In theory, doing so can help the company locate problems with its OS and heaven knows that would be a good thing. But more than likely, your report will either go unresolved or just end up in a big ol' pile of other people's reports on the same problem. Either way, you're wasting your system's precious resources on a feature that isn't doing you any good.

Samsung G2 portable GB. To disable this unhelpful service, open the Services window: Click Start, type services , and press Enter. Find and double-click Windows Error Reporting Service. UAC: Boon or Bloat? One of Windows Vista's most controversial new features is User Account Control UAC , which attempts to protect your system from malware by forcing you to authorize certain system-altering actions by clicking through a dialog box from time to time.

To some people, this feature is an unwanted annoyance that must be eliminated. Other users appreciate the added security. While I wouldn't go so far as to lump UAC in with the other wasteful features in this article, I can certainly understand why some folks would like to turn it off--or at least minimize its intrusive behavior.

This article is about the electronic device. For experiments in an evacuated pipe, see free-fall. For the transport system, see pneumatic tube. An RCA triode vacuum tube, type In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube in North America , or thermionic valve elsewhere, especially in Britain is a device used to amplify, switch, otherwise modify, or create an electrical signal by controlling the movement of electrons in a low-pressure space.

Some special function vacuum tubes are filled with low-pressure gas: these are so-called soft tubes as distinct from the hard vacuum type which have the internal gas pressure reduced as far as possible. Almost all tubes depend on the thermionic emission of electrons. Sony VAIO VGN-FZ18 Battery Vacuum tubes were critical to the development of electronic technology, which drove the expansion and commercialization of radio broadcasting, television, radar, sound reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control.

Some of these applications pre-dated electronics, but it was the vacuum tube that made them widespread and practical. Solid-state devices last much longer, are smaller, more efficient, more reliable, and cheaper than equivalent vacuum tube devices.

However, tubes are still used in specialized applications: for engineering reasons, as in high-power radio frequency transmitters; or for their aesthetic appeal and distinct sound signature, as in audio amplification. Cathode ray tubes until very recently were the primary display devices in television sets, video monitors, and oscilloscopes, although they are now being replaced by LCDs and other flat-panel displays.

A specialized form of the electron tube, the magnetron, is the source of microwave energy in microwave ovens and some radar systems. The klystron, a powerful but narrow-band radio-frequency amplifier, is commonly deployed by broadcasters as a high-power UHF television transmitter.

Many tubes have glass envelopes, though some types such as power tubes may have ceramic or metal envelopes. The electrodes are attached to leads which pass through the envelope via an airtight seal.

On most tubes, the leads are designed to plug into a tube socket for easy replacement. When hot, the filament releases electrons into the vacuum: a process called thermionic emission.

The resulting negatively charged cloud of electrons is called a space charge. These electrons will be drawn to a metal plate inside the envelope, if the plate also called the anode is positively charged relative to the filament or cathode. The result is a flow of electrons from filament to plate.

This cannot work in the reverse direction because the plate is not heated and does not emit electrons.

This very simple example described can thus be seen to operate as a diode: a device that conducts current only in one direction. The vacuum tube diode conducts conventional current from plate anode to the filament cathode ; this is the opposite direction to the actual flow of electrons called electron current. Because of this, vacuum tubes are inherently power-inefficient; enclosing the tube within a heat-retaining envelope of insulation would allow the entire tube to reach the same temperature, resulting in electron emission from the anode that would counter the normal one-way current.

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